EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR GRADUATES OF SCIENCES

This section contains information on the various opportunities available to graduates of chemistry, mathematics/statistics, zoology, botany, genetics, microbiology, geology, physics, crop science, animal science, soil science, etc.

CAREER/JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR GRADUATES OF CHEMISTRY
A graduate of Chemistry has several opportunities in the following areas:
Oil and Gas Industry
A graduate of Chemistry has overwhelming opportunities in the Oil and Gas sector.He or she can work in the areas of corrosion control, quality control and in solving day to day analytical problems in the company.
The Cement Industry
A graduate of Chemistry can work in the quality control of the Cement industry. A Chemist in a cement manufacturing industry performs two functions, product quality control and economic adviser to management on production cost.
Water Supply Agency
A graduate of Chemistry can work in the water board or supply agency where he/she is involved in water quality examination and treatment.
Paint Industry
A graduate of Chemistry can work in the paint industry. Chemist are usually involved in the research and development of suitable pigments needed in the paint industry.
Pharmaceutical Industry
A graduate of Chemistry can be employed in the pharmaceutical industry where he/she will be engaged in the research and development of new potents drugs as well as in the quality control of the raw materials and finished drugs.
Educational Sector
A graduate of Chemistry may wish to join the teaching line and offer his/her services to teach our younger ones in the secondary schools Chemistry or any other basic sciences.
Self Employment
A graduate of Chemistry can be self employed, that is, set up his/her own private business or cottage industry. He/she can engage himself in commercial production of soap, body cream, polish, adhesive gum, hair cream, etc.

CAREER/JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR GRADUATES OF MATHEMATICS/STATISTICS
The study of Mathematics/Statistics offer great and rewarding opportunities to people who successfully complete their course of studies. Contrary to the general misconception that those who study mathematics usually end up in classrooms as teachers, there are indeed a wide range of opportunities in the private and public sectors of our economy for mathematics/statistics graduates.They include:
Opportunities in the Health Sector
Those trained as Statisticians, Mathematicians can be easily trained in the health sector to keep medical records. Medical statistics is a very important area in medical sciences.
Opportunities in Banking/Finance Industry
Modern Banking/Finance outfits use electronic fund transfer to meet the need of their distant customers. In addition, most banks in the urban centres are computerized and so would readily employ graduates of Mathematics and Statistics.
Opportunities in Energy Sector
Mathematicians/statisticians graduate are employed routinely in Oil and Natural Gas Industries. Most companies with well developed Research and Development department employ mathematicians for their data analysis and modelling to improve on their products and marketing outreach.
Educational sector
A graduate of Mathematics or Statistics can work in various facets of our educational system. They can be employed to teach in our primary and secondary schools, colleges of education and universities.

CAREER/JOB OPPORTUNITIES IN ZOOLOGY
Zoology is an aspect of natural science that deals with the study of animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates. Major areas of specialization in Zoology are Entomology, Parasitology, Fish Biology and Animal Physiology. The following are highlights of the areas in which a Zoologist may be gainfully employed.

1. Wildlife conservation, establishment of national parks and siting zoos.

2. Public Health and Epidermology Units, where they are involved in the studies of epidermology of parasitic infection.

3. Graduates of zoology may be employed with or without further formal training as a toxicologist in petroleum and other big industries.

4. Medical/Veterinary Sector: Graduates of Zoology specializing in physiology may find job in Medical/Veterinary establishments. They are usually involved in contraceptive technology and applied family planning, diagnosis and treatment of infertility, artificial insemination, test-tube baby and embryo transfer in humans and pharmaceutical industries.

5. Opportunities in Research Institutes and Educational Sector.

CAREER/JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR GRADUATES OF BOTANY
Botany is designed to expose graduates to a broad area of biological sciences as a whole but with much emphasis in the study of plants. Different areas of specialization abound in Botany such as Plant Pathology, Mycology, Virology, Phytophysiology, Plant Environment Bonany, Plant Anatomy, Ecology, Taxonomy Paleobotany and others.

Botany: It is a creative areas of studies in terms of jobs and career opportunities. It allows for flexibility into many sectors , such as Agriculture, Medical and Environmental sciences. A graduate of Botany, specializing in Paleobotany or paleontology is readily absorbed in the petroleum industries, where they are involved in oil exploration studies.

Plant Pathologists or Ecologists are needed also in the oil companies, where they are involved in environmental pollution monitoring and control-plant Pathologists/Mycologists are also employed in the Quarantine unit of the department of custom and excise to ascertain the health status of imported and exported plants. Botanists are very valuable in the Agricultural sectors especially in the production and management of crops.

There are numerous opportunities for graduates of Botany in several research institutes worldwide. There are also openings in conservation and wildlife management for Botanists as well as wood technology notable in the paper and pulp industry. Brewing and cosmetics industries also employ Botanists. Botanists are of high demand in sourcing for medicinal plants, utilized in pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Botanists can also become pharmacognosist,where they are invoved in the production of drugs.

CAREER/JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR GRADUATES IN GENETICS/BIOTECHNOLOGY
Graduates of Genetics/Biotechnology may be employed or trained to work as:

Molecular Biologist: A graduate with the degree in Genetics/Biotechnology can further his/her studies in the areas of Biotechnology, Molecular Biotechnology laboratory, research centres, root crop improvement, etc.

Plant and Animal Breeders: Graduates in Genetics/Biotechnology may be employed as plant or animal breeders in various agricultural setup, ministry of agriculture, they could produce hybrid seeds or plants for sale(that is develop and get patent for such plants).

Environmental Biologists: They are involved in pollution control in oil industries and other big industrial establishments. They could be employed in the ministry of environment.

Fisheries Biologists: As fisheries Biologists, graduates can work in fish farms, agricultural sectors, or they can set up their private fish farm.

Entomologist: A graduate of Genetics/Biotechnology specializing in entomology can work in pest control unit of established farms or in research institutes. They are equally useful in the produce inspection unit of the ministry of commerce and industry as pest control officers.

Parasitologists:Graduates in Genetics/Biotechnology, could work as parasitologist in hospitals, screening/diagnostic laboratories, ministry of health, world health organisation, among others.

Plant or Animal Ecologists: Graduates of Genetics/Biotechnology can work in wildlife conservation and land reclamation projects.

Careers in Universities, other Higher Institutions and Secondary School. A graduate of Genetics/Biotechnology specializing in any of the above mentioned areas could be employed in any of the universities as lecturer or research fellow. They can also teach in colleges of education, colleges of agriculture, polytechnics.

CAREER/JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR GRADUATES OF MICROBIOLOGY
Microbiology is the study 0f micr-organisms. Micro-organisms can be seen with the aid of a microscope. Graduates of Microbiology have a wide range of job opportunities and these may be summarized as follows:

Health Care Sector: Graduates of Microbiology can b employed in hospitals as laboratory scientists, where they are involved in medical analysis of specimens and diagnosis of microbial diseases.

Industrial Sector: Graduates of microbiology can work in the pharmaceutical industry, where they are involved in the production of drugs, vaccines and also in the quality control of the products generally. They can also work in food processing and beverage industries. In the petroleum industry, Microbiologists can be employed to work in oil spillage control and other related problems in the oil sector.

Microbiologists can also work in the breweries and bottling companies, both in their production line and/or in the quality control unit.

Environmental Pollution Control/Waste Management
Graduates of Micrbiology can work in the Ministry of Environment, where they are involved in solid wastes or sewage treatment and disposal. In some establishments they work in units of converting wastes to useful products(that is from waste to health).

Water Supply and Treatment:
Microbiologists can work in the water board or water supply agencies. They are usually involved in water sampling for bacteriological examination of drinking water and in the treatment of water for various purposes.

They can also work as Microbial Ecologist, where they study various interactions between micro-organisms and the environment in the ecosystem.

CAREER/JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR GRADUATES OF GEOLOGY
A graduates of Geology has several opportunities in the following sectors.

Graduates of Geology can work in the ministry of solid mineral development, mining industries, where they are involved in exploration, assessment and exploitation of useful and non-metallic deposits.

Oil Sector: The application of the knowledge and techniques of relevant espects of earth sciences is crutial to the exploration, discovery and production of oil and natural gas. A graduate of Geology is also involved in the development of new oil fields and its subsequent management.

Civil Engineering and Construction Companies: Graduates of Geology find many and diverse areas of employment in the civil engineering and construction companies, where they are involved in geophysical surveys, soil/rock mechanics studies etc. They are also involved in dams construction. In the area of engineering, the Geologists is needed in the design of structures such as roads, slopes, embankments, underground excavation and in waste disposal facilities.

Water Resources: Graduate in Geology is involved in the discovery and development of ground water resources. Thus, can be employed in water boards, water companies, agricultural development projects, among other establishments.

CAREER/JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR GRADUATES OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
Geophysics is a fundamental science which creates a basics for creative work in many areas of modern science and technology and excellent background for many areas of professional study. A graduate of Geophysics, can fit into or be gainfully employed in any of the following areas or employment sectors.

1. Oil producing companies.

2. Oil servicing companies.

3. Engineering/Solid Mineral Producing Companies.

4. Set up his or her own mineral exploration company as government is now encouraging privatisation in mineral prospecting.

5. Can be trained to work as a meteorologist in the avaition or maritime sector of the economy.

6. Can work in groundwater exploration and evaluation company.

7. Can work in any of the research institutes involved in environmental monitoring and assessment.

8.Can teach in secondary schools, colleges, and higher institutions.

A CAREER IN FOOD TECHNOLOGY
A Graduate of food technology is faced with the challenges of providing food control and quality process capability of the consumers. A graduate in this discipline becomes familiar with the food industry and the wide variety of activities that makes it efficient.

Graduates of this discipline are faced with a lot of job opportunities which are challenging and rewarding in the food industry. Therefore graduates of this discipline progress to management roles in the food industry in areas such as product development and quality assurance.

A CAREER IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
The world today is a global village. Almost all organizations has to be computer compliant in other to compete favorably in the business environment. Therefore organizations are desperately in need of IT graduates. The following are job opportunities available for graduates of IT: application programmers, systems programmers, web developers, network engineer, technical support, technical sales, and software engineer.